1. Why are the Doppler effect and diffraction not as commonly experienced with light as they are with sound?

3. The law of reflection establishes a definite relationship between the angle of incidence of a light ray striking the boundary between two transparent media and its angle of reflection. Describe this relationship.

5. A ballet dancer is on stage dressed in a green body suit. How could you light the stage so that the dancer's costume looked black to the audience?

7. A person looking straight down on a thin film of oil on water sees the color red. How thick could the film be to cause this? How thick could it be at another place where violet is seen? (Some useful information is given at the beginning of Section 9.1.)

9. An interference pattern is formed by sending red light through a pair of narrow slits. If blue light is then used, the spacing of the bright areas (where constructive interference takes place) won't be the same. How will it be different? Why?

13. Describe how you could use two large, circular Polaroid filters in front of a circular window as a kind of window shade.

15. You get a new pair of sunglasses as a birthday gift from a friend. When wrapping the present, your friend has removed the price tag and all the other labels from the sunglasses. How could you determine whether the pair of shades has polarizing lenses in them or not?

21. What is different about an image (of a nearby object) formed with a convex mirror compared to an image formed with a concave mirror? What are the advantages of each type of mirror?

23. What kind of mirror (concave, convex, or plane) do you think dental care workers use to examine patients' teeth and gums for disease? Explain your choice.

27. A piece of glass is immersed in water. If a light ray enters the glass from the water with an angle of incidence greater than zero, in which direction is the ray bent?

29. After hitting a ball into a water trap, a golfer looks into the pond and spies the ball within apparent easy reach. Reaching in to retrieve the ball, the golfer is surprised to find that it cannot be grasped even with a fully extended arm. Explain why the golfer was deceived into thinking that the location of the ball was close at hand.

31. Rank (from smallest to largest) the angle of refraction for a light ray in air entering each of the following substances with an angle of incidence equal to 30 degree : (a) water, (b) benzene, (c) dense flint glass, (d) diamond.