$1.$ You don$$t necessarily need to use binary for these calculations. Find the magic number and go from there. As with your earlier calculations, you need to subtract the interesting octet$$s value from $256$ to get the magic number. What is the magic number?

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$2.$ If the interesting octet is located at the end of the subnet mask, you can assume the first three octets of the IP address identify the classful network ID before this network was subnetted. This network ID also serves as the network ID for the first subnet. What is the network ID of the first subnet?

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$3.$ You can now use the magic number to calculate the remaining subnets$$ network$$IDs$.$ What is the second subnet$$s network ID$?$ What is the final subnet$$s$$network ID$?$

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$4.$ To narrow this down to your server$$s subnet, either skip$-$count up from a lower numbered subnet or skip$-$count down from a higher numbered subnet. Either way will work. You$$re looking for a network ID that is as close to the server$$s IP address as possible without going over. What is the network ID of the server$$s subnet?

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$5.$ You can look at the next higher subnet$$s network ID and subtract $1$ to determine the broadcast address of the server$$s subnet. What is the broadcast address?

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$6.$ Finally, any IP address between the subnet$$s network ID and its broadcast address is the range of available host IP addresses. What is this range?

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