11. A researcher hypothesizes that distractions occur more for those with greater prior exposure to sugars when sugary snacks are placed in their work environment. Essentially, the researchers were attempting to see if the presence or absence of sugary treats affected the amount of time to distraction for three groups: those with low, moderate and high exposure to sugar. They measured time to distraction by timing the participants in completing a computer task - thus, longer times meant more distraction, while shorter times meant less distraction. To test this, the researchers conducted a two-way ANOVA with replication. The researchers conducted the research by setting = 0.01.

		Low	Moderate	High
Sugar at Worksite	Absent	8	10	13
	7	12	9
	9	15	11
	10	8	8
	12	6	13
	8	9	12
Present	5	15	15
	8	9	12
	5	7	15
	6	6	16
	5	4	12
	7	11	14

a. Identify the independent variables and their levels. Identify the dependent variable.

b. Interpret the ANOVA output for significance at = 0.01 for each of the following:

(1) the effect of exposure on completion time

(2) the effect of the absence or presence of sugary snacks on completion time

(3) the interaction effect of snack availability and prior exposure to sugars on

completion time.

c. Provide a layperson interpretation of the findings in (b).