12. (3 points) Suppose you computed the correlation statistic r for both of the data sets pictured below. Which one will have a larger value of r? Why? 13. (6 points, 2 points each) The school board of a certain community conducted an internet survey to assess residents' opinions about school funding policies. A simple random sample of e-mail addresses of 100 residents was obtained. These residents were e-mailed and asked to respond to the following question: "Do you support increased funding for technology in public schools if it would reduce funding for fine arts programs?" Of the 55 people who responded to the e-mail, 67% answered yes and 33% answered no. (a) Identify the population of interest. (b) Identify the sample. (c) What type of bias is likely to be an issue with this sampling frame? 14. (6 points) A researcher investigating kidney stone formation examined 533 historical medi- cal records of male patients that were randomly selected from seven Chicago-area hospitals. For each patient, the incidence of kidney stones was recorded, along with other information including weight, weight gain and age. (a) (3 points) Is this an observational study or an experiment? Explain! (b) (3 points) After analyzing the data, the researcher reported reaching the following con- clusion: "Rapid weight gain causes kidney stone formation in men." Is this conclusion appropriate? Why or why not