12. A new project is expected to generate an operating cash flow of $38,728 and will initially free up $11,610 in net working capital. Purchases of fixed assets costing $42,800 will be required to start up the project. What is the total cash flow for this project at Time zero?

13. A project will reduce costs by $62,750 but increase depreciation by $14,812. What is the operating cash flow of this project based on the tax shield approach if the tax rate is 24 percent?

14. Westover stock is expected to return 36 percent in a boom, 14 percent in a normal economy, and lose 75 percent in a recession. The probabilities of a boom, normal economy, and a recession are 2 percent, 93 percent, and 5 percent, respectively. What is the standard deviation of the returns on this stock?