13. Formal planning involves: a. Specific goals covering a specific time period b. Written and un-shared with organizational members c. Long term strategies d. None of the above 14. Purposes of Planning includes: a. Provides direction b. Reduces uncertainty c. Minimizes waste and redundancy d. All of the above 15. Formal planning is associated with: a. Higher profits and returns on assets. b. Negative financial results. C Employees daily job task d. None of the above 16. Strategic Plans: a. Apply to the entire organization. b. Establish the organization's overall goals. c. Seek to position the organization in terms of its environment. d. All of the above 17. Operational Plans does not cover: a. Specify the details of how the overall goals are to be achieved. b. Cover a short time period. c. Return on investment d. None of the above 18. Which of the following is key elements of MBO: a. Goal specificity b. participative decision making c. an explicit performance/evaluation period, d. All of the above 19. Which of the following is Functions of the HRM Process a. Ensuring that competent employees are identified and selected. b. Providing employees with up-to-date knowledge and skills to do their jobs. c. Ensuring that the organization retains competent and high- performing employees. d. All of the above