Question: 17. For transactions already committed: (2 points) Identify last checkpoint -> last point data was physically written to disk Any transactions before this checkpoint are

 17. For transactions already committed: (2 points) Identify last checkpoint ->

17. For transactions already committed: (2 points) Identify last checkpoint -> last point data was physically written to disk Any transactions before this checkpoint are okay because the data are already saved. For transactions AFTER the checkpoint, the DBMS uses the log record to REDO the transaction and update the database based on the 'after' values recorded -> applied in order from oldest to newest All the above

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