1.A small pilot study is run to compare a new drug for chronic pain to one that is currently available.Participants are randomly assigned to receive either the new drug or the currently available drug and to report improvement in pain on a 5-point ordinal scale: 1 = Pain is much worse, 2 = Pain is slightly worse, 3 = No change, 4 = Pain improved slightly, 5 = Pain much improved. Is there a significant difference in self-reported improvement in pain? Use the Mann-WhitneyUtest with a 5% level of significance.

NewDrug:453342

Standard Drug:234123

2.The following table was presented in an article summarizing a study to compare a new drug to a standard drug and to a placebo.

Characteristic*

New Drug

Standard Drug

Placebo

p

Age, years

45.2 (4.8)

44.9 (5.1)

42.8 (4.3)

0.5746

% Female

51%

55%

57%

0.0635

Annual Income, $000s

59.5 (14.3)

63.8 (16.9)

58.2 (13.6)

0.4635

% with Insurance

87%

65%

82%

0.0352

Disease Stage

0.1261

Stage I

35%

18%

33%

Stage II

42%

37%

47%

Stage III

23%

51%

20%

*Table entries and Mean (SD) or %

Are there any statistically significant differences in the characteristics shown among the treatments? Justify your answer