1.The data setBELOWcontains data from a German study published in 2007 in the journal Pneumologie (61:83-85). The English translation of the title is, "Improvement in Expiratory Peak Flow (PEF) of COPD Patients due to "Lung" Sport for 12 Months." The data measures expiratory peak flow (PEF) from the lungs before and after 12 months. There were seven patients in the aerobic exercise group (beforeex, afterex) and 10 patients in a control group (beforecon and aftercon).

a.Perform a sign test on the exercise group. The p-value of the two-sided test is:

b. Perform a sign test on the control group. The p-value of the two-sided test is:

e. Use the percviner column to test the difference in the % increase between the control group and the exercise group. Perform a Wilcoxon rank sum test for the hypothesis test. The Z score is:

and the p-value is

beforeex afterex beforecon aftercon percviner group 300 320 320 330 3.1 control 220 235 240 250 4.2 control 400 410 250 210 -16 control 310 320 240 220 -8.3 control 200 250 400 350 -12.5 control 420 430 270 200 -26 control 260 300 300 280 -6.7 control 250 260 control 300 220 -26.7 control 300 290 -3.3 control 6.7 exercise 17.5 exercise 2.5 exercise 3.2 exercise 25 exercise 24 exercise 15.4 exercise