Question: 1.The relation between body-size and risk of developing type 2 diabetes was investigated in the Nurses Health Study. The US-based study was restricted to female

1.The relation between body-size and risk of developing type 2 diabetes was investigated in the Nurses Health Study. The US-based study was restricted to female nurses aged 30-55 years at recruitment in 1976 (Colditz et al., 1990). The table below shows a sample of the results that were obtained after 8 years of follow-up:

Body-mass index (BMI, kg/m2)

RR of diabetes

95% confidence interval

< 22

1.0

22-22.9

2.1

(1.4-3.3)

25-26.9

5.2

(3.7-7.5)

29-30.9

19.0

(13.6-26.4)

> 35

58.2

(42.4-79.9)

a.10pts. What were the benefits of restricting the study to female nurses of a certain age and what effects would this restriction have had on (i) the internal validity and (ii) the generalizability of the results?

b. 5pts. Only nurses who were free from cancer and coronary heart disease (CHD) in 1976 were included in the study. Why?

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