1)True or False? The data collected in a biostatistics study can be applied to any population regardless of race, class, and socioeconomic status.

a)True

b)False

2)Which of the following is NOT a benefit of learning statistics?

a)Improved reasoning skills

b)Making informed decisions

c)Slightly improved IQ

d)Increased understand of the research process.

3)Which of the following is a quantitative level of measurement?

a)Continuous

b)Categorical

c)Dichotomous

d)Ordinal

4)Which of the following is an example of a sample?

a)The faculty at Albert Einstein College of Medicine

b)Students in Prof. Belliard's Biostatistics class

c)Three hundred Wall Street Traders

d)The people of Ontario, Canada

5)A simple random sample of 25,000 individuals are surveyed in order to determine the prevalence of individuals that contracted the flu in the past year. Assuming 4,250 individuals indicated they had been diagnosed with the flu at some point in the past year, what is the prevalence of flu for the past year, as indicated from the survey participants?

a)1.70%

b)8.30%

c)17.0%

d)83.0%

6)A researcher is interested in determining the current prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in the United States. Which type of study would be most useful in estimating the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in the United States?

a)A nested cohort study

b)A cross-sectional survey

c)A randomized clinical trial

d)A case-crossover study

7)All the following are ways in which we can quantify disease EXCEPT:

a)Ratios

b)Proportions

c)Prevalence

d)Percentiles

8)When finding the mode, you must first find the range.

a)True

b)False

9)A statistic is a numerical summary of a population.

a)True

b)False

10)Data that has a less/same/more response is considered dichotomous data.

a)True

b)False

11)When the data are negatively skewed, the mean would be the median.

a)Greater than

b)Lower than

c)Equal to

d)Not enough information to answer this question.

12)If you have a sample of 16 data points, the fourth quartile would be the number in the position.

a)8^th

b)16^th

c)1^st

d)Between the 4^th and 5^th

13)The 0^th percentile is also known as the first percentile.

a)True

b)False

14)The standard deviation can be defined as

a)The squared average distance from the mean

b)The average distance from the mean

c)The average value in a data set

d)The average of the two center values

15)Which of the following is a categorical variable?

a)Religion

b)Age

c)Education Level

d)Blood Pressure

16)Biostatistics is a subset of statistics that focuses more on the biological and medical sciences.

a)True

b)False

17)Prevalence is defined as the

a)Proportion of healthy people becoming sick over time.

b)Proportion of sick people over time.

c)Proportion of sick people at a specific time

d)Proportion of healthy who become sick at a specific time

Use the following information for questions 18 - 23:

As part of the U.S.'s health initiative, students' anthropometrics (body measurements) are taken in physical education classes to monitor of health of the student population. Below are the data of all the boys in a randomly picked P.E. class:

249 219 261 174 241

138 232 121 174 240

187 239 133 237 190

18)What is the size of this sample?

a)5

b)16

c)15

d)6

19)What is the range of this sample?

a)140 mmHg

b)123 mmHg

c)120 mmHg

d)142 mmHg

20)What is the median of this sample?

a)219 mmHg

b)202.3 mmHg

c)204.5 mmHg

d)232 mmHg

21)What is the mean of this sample?

a)202 mmHg

b)208.1 mmHg

c)202.3 mmHg

d)219 mmHg

22)Based on your answers for 16 and 17, the distribution looks like it is

a)Left Skewed

b)Right Skewed

c)Normal

d)Uniform (Flat)

23)The standard deviation of this sample is 44.6 mmHg.

a)True

b)False

Short Answer Section - Round answers to one decimal place (three if you're doing proportions)

Show as much work as possible. Partial credit will be given.

1.A group of 250 women over the age of 40 are recruited for a study to determine the effects that calcium has on bone health. Half of the participants are given a calcium supplement and the other half are given a placebo. 13 women on calcium develop osteomalacia (soft bones) and 27 women on the placebo develop osteomalacia.

a)Create a contingency table of the results above. Make sure to includes the appropriate labels.

b)What is the count of women on the placebo developing osteomalacia?

c)What proportion of women developed osteomalacia?

d)What is the relative risk of developing osteomalacia between those who took calcium and those who took the placebo?

e)Based on the above responses, what can you say about calcium intake and osteomalacia in older women?

2.In the study of a new anti-hypertensive medication, systolic blood pressures are measured at baseline (at the start of the study). The data are as follows:

120 112 138 145 135 150 145

163 148 128 143 156 160 142

a)Compute the mean BMI

b)Compute the standard deviation of BMI

c)Compute the median BMI

d)Compute Q1 and Q3

e)Are there outliers in the distribution of BMI (justify your answer)?

f)What can be said about the systolic blood pressure of these subjects at the start of the study?

3.A medical trial into the effectiveness of a new medication was carried out. A total of 425 people took part in the trial. Out of those people, 150 of them were male, and out those males, 30 had a positive response to the medication. Given below is a contingency table with some information:

Female

Negative

45

150

a)Complete the table with the appropriate values.

b)Compute the risk difference of a positive response between males and females.

c)Based on your answer in B, would you say that men or women are more likely to a positive response?

d)What can you conclude, in general, about the effects of this new medication?

4.The purchasing department at Montefiore Medical Center believes that employees are stealing boxes of decongestant in order to start a methamphetamine empire. Below are the last 24 months of inventory restock values (higher numbers = more boxes needed to restock).

15 8 8 12 14 6

6 8 18 10 13 7

13 15 16 4 20 12

14 12 3 8 19 20

a)Create a grouped frequency distribution table of number of boxes restocked per month (hint: the first group should be 0-4).

b)Create the most appropriate graph based on the data.

c)Does the distribution look skewed or symmetrical? If it's skewed, what kind of skew?

d)Assuming the average restock value of decongestant is around 9 boxes +/- 2 boxes, does the purchasing department have enough evidence to say for sure that someone is stealing?

e)What's one conclusion you could make based on the information you have here?

5.Look at the following graph:

a.What sort of patterns/trends do you pick up from this graph?

b.What's one thing you found interesting? Explain (1-2 sentences).

c.Historically speaking, what do you think happened that could have contributed to what you see here? (1-2 ideas would work) In a few sentences, explain how things you mentioned contributed to the results you see (if you cite something, please use APA style).