1)What argument can be made that SOX may not be effective in reducing fraud?

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a)The penalties under Sarbanes-Oxley are especially stringent, so it may not be enforced

b)Civil and criminal penalties are not effective in preventing financial fraud

c)It is not as stringent as international standards

d)The SEC has many laws for many years that have not seemed to make much of a difference

2)Gray uses Hofstede's cultural values that were discussed in Chapter 1 to:

a)Define what is meant by the public interest in accounting

b)Define what is meant by internal controls over financial reporting in a cultural context

c)Set forth accounting values that can be used to define a country's cultural foundation with respect to financial reporting

d)Set forth corporate governance provisions that define an ethical organization culture