1.with _______ authority, important decisions are made up by middle-level and supervisory-level managers.

a .classical. b. decentralized c. centralized d. matrix e. wide

2. when managers fall into a trap of making choices that justify their past decisions, even if those decisions no longer seem valid:

a. perpetuating the status quo. b. justifying past decisions. c. being overconfident. d.being influenced by initial impressions. e. seeing what they want to see

3.All of the following are part of the top reasons why employees resist change except:

a. different assessments and goals. b.lack of management acknowledgement. c. self interest. d.uncertainty. e. lack of understanding and trust.

4.At Caldwell Organic Grocers, all purchasing, hiring and production decisions are made by top managers. Caldwell has ___________ authority.

a. classical. b. centralized. c. matrix d. wide. e.decentralized