$20$ Multiple$-$Choice Questions on Operations and Management:

$1.$ Which of the following is NOT a core objective of operations management?

a$)$ Cost reduction

b$)$ Quality improvement

c$)$ Inventory optimization

d$)$ Product design and development

$2.$ The process of forecasting customer demand, planning production schedules, and managing resources to meet demand is known as:

a$)$ Operations strategy

b$)$ Supply chain management

c$)$ Production planning and control

d$)$ Project management

$3.$ Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a service compared to a physical product?

a$)$ Intangibility

b$)$ Inseparability of production and consumption

c$)$ Perishability

d$)$ Standardization

$4.$ According to the Lean philosophy, which of the following activities adds no value to the customer and should be eliminated?

a$)$ Value$-$added activities

b$)$ Waiting time

c$)$ Transportation

d$)$ Non$-$conforming outputs

$5.$ Six Sigma is a quality improvement methodology that aims to reduce defects to:

a$)3\mathrm{.}4$ parts per million

b$)0\mathrm{.}002$ defects per $1000$ opportunities

c$)99\mathrm{.}73\%$ defect$-$free production

d$)$ None of the above

$6.$ ERP $($Enterprise Resource Planning$)$ systems are used to integrate and manage data across various departments in a company, including:

a$)$ Finance

b$)$ Marketing

c$)$ Human Resources

d$)$ All of the above

$7.$ Which of the following methods is used to determine the optimal sequence for completing a set of tasks with known dependencies?

a$)$ Critical Path Method $($CPM$)$

b$)$ Gantt chart

c$)$ PERT $($Program Evaluation Review Technique$)$

d$)$ Kanban board

$8.$ JIT $($Just$-$in$-$Time$)$ production refers to:

a$)$ Producing goods only when they are needed

b$)$ Holding large amounts of inventory for safety stock

c$)$ Automating all production processes

d$)$ Reducing lead times between production stages

$9.$ Which of the following tools is used to visually analyze and improve processes by identifying waste and non$-$value added activities?

a$)$ Value stream map

b$)$ Flowchart

c$)$ Run chart

d$)$ Control chart

$10.$ The capacity of a production system is typically measured in terms of:

a$)$ Units produced per hour

b$)$ Number of employees

c$)$ Machine uptime

d$)$ All of the above

$11.$ Which of the following is NOT a benefit of effective supply chain management?

a$)$ Reduced lead times

b$)$ Improved responsiveness to customer demand

c$)$ Increased overall cost

d$)$ Enhanced supplier relationships

$12.$ In a just$-$in$-$time $($JIT$)$ production system, the primary cost driver is:

a$)$ Labor

b$)$ Inventory

c$)$ Machine setup time

d$)$ Quality defects

$13.$ In a process layout, equipment and resources are arranged based on the sequence of production steps rather than product type. This layout is suitable for:

a$)$ High$-$volume, standardized products

b$)$ Low$-$volume, customized products

c$)$ Both a and b

d$)$ Neither a nor b

$14.$ Which of the following is NOT a common type of inventory classification method?

a$)$ ABC analysis

b$)$ XYZ analysis

c$)$ SDE analysis

d$)$ MRO analysis

$15.$ Kanban is a visual signaling system used in lean manufacturing to:

a$)$ Control the flow of materials and work$-$in$-$progress

b$)$ Track and schedule maintenance activities

c$)$ Measure and improve quality

d$)$ Manage project tasks and deadlines

$16.$ Which of the following is NOT a common risk associated with outsourcing production?

a$)$ Loss of control over quality

b$)$ Dependence on external suppliers

c$)$ Increased lead times

d$)$ Improved efficiency and cost savings

$17.$ In a balanced scorecard, which of the following perspectives is NOT typically included?

a$)$ Financial

b$)$ Customer

c$)$ Internal processes

d$)$ Learning and growth