$2\mathrm{.}1(12$ points$)$How can civil engineering theories be effectively applied to ensure the structural integrity, safety, and sustainability of infrastructural projects? This includes exploring foundational principles like Newton's laws of motion, mechanics of materials, fluid mechanics, and soil mechanics. Furthermore, how do these theories inform the design, construction, and maintenance of various civil engineering projects such as bridges, roads, dams, and buildings? Additionally, how can advancements in computational methods and simulation technologies enhance the application of theoretical principles in solving complex engineering problems? Finally, how do interdisciplinary approaches integrate theories from fields like physics, materials science, and environmental engineering into civil engineering practice?