$2\mathrm{.}1$ Explain how spanning tree protocol $($STP$)$ helps prevent network loops in a switched network.

$(8$ Marks$)$

$2\mathrm{.}2$ Discuss the benefits of implementing network address translation $($NAT$)$ in a modern network and how it improves security and resource allocation.

$(8$ Marks$)$

$2\mathrm{.}3$ Evaluate the role of DHCP in a network environment and explain how misconfigurations in DHCP settings can lead to network failures.

$(8$ Marks$)$

$2\mathrm{.}4$ Describe the function of a firewall in enforcing security policies and explain how it can be configured to block specific traffic based on predefined rules.

$(8$ Marks$)$

$2\mathrm{.}5$ Analyze the importance of VLANs in managing network traffic, reducing congestion, and improving network security within an organization.

$(8$ Marks$)$