$21)$ The challenges arising from issues regarding differences in age groups represents which major factor fueling organizational change and their leaders?

A$)$ increased globalization

B$)$ employee expectations

C$)$ political changes

D$)$ demographic changes

$22)$ The trait approach to leadership suggests that $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

A$)$ leaders have special innate qualities

B$)$ leadership traits are clearly visible

C$)$ traits are based on social class

D$)$ traits cannot be measured

$23)$ Ragu makes sure that his work unit knows what is expected, schedules the work and sets deadlines, and assigns people to different tasks. Ragu is $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

A$)$ being autocratic

B$)$ initiating structure

C$)$ preventing his employees from being independent

D$)$ a manager but not a leader

$24)$ Misha has been effective because he is able to use different behaviors in different situations to motivate his followers and accomplish the tasks. Misha is relying on which leadership approach?

A$)$ behavior approach

B$)$ contingency approach

C$)$ change approach

D$)$ individual approach

$25)$ According to the Contingency Model, task$-$motivated leaders will be most effective in which type of situation?

A$)$ high$-$control

B$)$ moderate control

C$)$ low control

D$)$ all situations

$26)$ Hiro is leading a group of volunteers that is facing considerable difficulty. The members do not get along, they are doing a task with no structure that no one quite knows how to do$.$ All of Hiro's efforts at building cohesion have been wasted and he is frustrated and has decided to leave his followers to fend for themselves. Based on this description, Hiro is most likely $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

A$)$ a consultative leader

B$)$ a socio$-$independent leader

C$)$ a relationship$-$oriented leader

D$)$ a leader with task skills

$$

$27)$ Culture is important because $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

A$)$ some cultures are more powerful than others

B$)$ culture guides people's assumptions and behaviors

C$)$ culture can be changed to match the organization

D$)$ leaders must learn to ignore culture

$28)$ Which is not true of culture?

A$)$ It is biological.

B$)$ It provides a worldview.

C$)$ It is stable and dynamic.

D$)$ It is unique to the group.

$29)$ Ethnicity $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

A$)$ is always based on geography

B$)$ can be based on nationality or regions

C$)$ never involves national boundaries

D$)$ is normally based mainly on religious beliefs

$30)$ Jolene recently moved to Arkansas from Maine. Jolene is excited, but a little nervous to be a Southerner. "Southerner" in this situation refers to which level of culture?

A$)$ national

B$)$ regional

C$)$ organizational

D$)$ situational

$31)$ The presence of people with distinctly different group affiliation and who hold distinctly different group affiliations, cultural values, and cultural identities is $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

A$)$ cultural diversity

B$)$ race

C$)$ diversity

D$)$ culture$-$just$-$is

$32)$ Which is not a primary dimension of culture?

A$)$ age

B$)$ appearance

C$)$ ethnicity

D$)$ sexual orientation

$33)$ Professional background is considered to be a$($n$)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ dimension of culture.

A$)$ primary

B$)$ secondary

C$)$ fifth

D$)$ ordinary

$$

$34)$ Mohammed is meeting with an important client from China and wants everything to go as smoothly as possible. While he has met with many Chinese clients in the past, Mohammed wants to avoid assuming that everyone from China shares the same culture. Mohammed is trying to $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

A$)$ rely on cultural prototypes

B$)$ focus on sophisticated stereotypes

C$)$ avoid equating country with culture

D$)$ encourage over$-$generalization

$35)$ Which is true regarding gender equity in leadership positions?

A$)$ Several industries have achieved gender equity in leadership positions.

B$)$ At least five countries have achieved gender equity in leadership positions.

C$)$ There is a noticeable gender imbalance in many organizations across all sectors$.$

D$)$ Women account for less than half of university graduates.

$36)$ Sam projects confidence and mastery when giving company updates to board members. He inspires his employees, many of whom feel a personal and emotional connection to him. Sam can be described as a$($n$)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

A$)$ charismatic leader

B$)$ authentic leader

C$)$ transactional leader

D$)$ ambitious leader

$37)$ Which of the following is true of transformational leadership $($TL$)?$

A$)$ Leaders engage in the four elements of TL in a sequential manner.

B$)$ TL does not allow for external adaptation.

C$)$ TL has little application in other organizational contexts.

D$)$ TL can increase employee productivity by enhancing their commitment to the organization.

$38)$ Li Wei is under pressure to make a complex decision on a project with which she has considerable expertise and experience. Her team is experienced and generally supportive, and she needs the members' strong commitment to implement her decision. In this situation, Li Wei should $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

A$)$ make the decision by herself

B$)$ allow for employee participation

C$)$ seek more information

D$)$ delegate the decision to the group

$39)$ Which of the f