$2\mathrm{.}1$ What is knowledge representation in AI$?$ Explain its importance and describe the various elements of knowledge that are represented to an AI agent $(10$ Marks$)$

$2\mathrm{.}2.$ Discuss the applications of forward and backward chaining in real$-$world AI systems. Provide one example for each type of chaining $(10$ Marks$)$

$2\mathrm{.}3$ What is fuzzy logic and how does it differ from classical logic? Describe a real$-$world scenario where fuzzy logic can be applied effectively$(10$ Marks$)$