$2$:$20$

docs.google.com

$*$

A company sets a goal at the top management level to "increase market leadership." This broad goal is then passed down through various levels. Which goal$-$setting approach is this an example of$?$

Management by Objectives

Bottom$-$up goal setting

Participative goal setting

Traditional goal setting

$*$

Which of the below is not a component of an organization's external environment?

Economic

Political

Technological

Managerial