$2222\mathrm{.}222\mathrm{.}22$ What are the fundamental theoretical principles that form the basis of civil engineering? How do these principles contribute to the understanding and application of various engineering concepts, such as structural analysis, material mechanics, and fluid dynamics? How do civil engineers utilize theoretical frameworks to design, construct, and maintain infrastructure projects like bridges, buildings, and transportation systems? Additionally, how do advancements in technology and research continually shape and evolve these theoretical foundations within the field of civil engineering?