$234$ : civil engineers ensure structural stability in buildings and bridges? What are the fundamental principles governing the design of foundations and load$-$bearing structures? Explain the concept of soil mechanics and its importance in construction projects. How do engineers analyze and mitigate the risks associated with natural disasters like earthquakes and floods? Discuss the role of materials science in civil engineering, particularly in the selection and testing of construction materials. How do environmental factors influence the design and maintenance of infrastructure projects?"