$2`4`242`4$ How do foundational theories in civil engineering, such as structural analysis, fluid mechanics, and soil mechanics, contribute to the development and implementation of sustainable infrastructure projects? What are the key principles underlying these theories, and how do they inform decision$-$making processes in areas like bridge design, water resource management, and foundation engineering? Additionally, how do advancements in materials science and computational methods enhance the application of these theories in addressing contemporary challenges in civil engineering projects worldwide?