$2\mathrm{.}4$ Reduce the following Boolean expressions to the indicated number of literals:

$($a$)A^{\text{'}}{C}^{\text{'}}+$ABC$+A{C}^{\text{'}}$

to three literals

$($b$)*(x^{\text{'}}{y}^{\text{'}}+z{)}^{\text{'}}+z+xy+wz$

to three literals

$($c$)A^{\text{'}}B(D^{\text{'}}+C^{\text{'}}D)+B(A+A^{\text{'}}CD)$

to one literal

$($d$)*(A^{\text{'}}+C)(A^{\text{'}}+C^{\text{'}})(A+B+C^{\text{'}}D)$

to four literals

$($e$)AB{C}^{\text{'}\text{'}}D+A^{\text{'}}BD+$ABCD

to two literals