Question: # 2 6 1 1 # . Describe the principles of construction cost estimating and their role in budgeting and project planning for civil engineering

#2611#. Describe the principles of construction cost estimating and their role in budgeting and project planning for civil engineering projects. Discuss methods for cost estimation, including unit pricing, quantity takeoff, and parametric modeling, and factors influencing construction costs, such as labor, materials, equipment, and overhead.

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