2. Consider two hosts, A and B, connected by a single link of rate R bps. Suppose that the two hosts are separated by m meters, and suppose the propagation speed along the link is s meter/sec. Host A is to send a packet of size L bits to host B.

a) Express the propagation delay, , in terms of m and s.

b) Determine the transmission time of the packet, , in terms of L and R.

c) Ignoring processing delay and queuing delays, obtain an expression for the end-to-end delay.