$(2)$ Negate so that negation symbols immediately precede predicates. Again, you need not show work here

$($though doing so may help increase partial credit$).$

$($a$)$x$($P$($x$)$ Q$($x$))$

$($b$)$x$($P$($x$)->($Q$($x$)$ R$($x$)))$

$($c$)$x$($P$($x$)->$y$$z$($Q$($y$,$ z$)$ R$($y$)))$

$($d$)$x$$y$$z$($P$($x$,$ y$)$ Q$($z$))$