$2)$ Quality function deployment is used mainly in the after$-$sales stage to build customer loyalty.

$3)$ Which of the following is TRUE regarding value engineering?

A$)$ Value engineering occurs only after the product is selected and designed.

B$)$ Value engineering creates fragile design.

C$)$ Value engineering is oriented toward improvement of design.

D$)$ Value engineering occurs during production when it is clear the product is a success.

E$)$ Value engineering can save substantial amounts of product cost, but quality suffers.

$4)$ Reducing the complexity of a product and improving a product's maintainability are activities of:

A$)$ product lifecycle management $($PLM$).$

B$)$ product$-$by$-$value analysis.

C$)$ manufacturability and value engineering.

D$)$ organizing for product development.

E$)$ design for destruction $($DFD$).$