$(2)$ The figure below shows a bar that is made of AISI $4130$ normalized steel and is loaded by the forces $F=XYkN,P=YZkN.($Where XYZ$=123)$

$($a$)$ What is the safety factor of the design shown?

$($b$)$ If a transverse hole of $3$ mm is to be drilled in the center of the $10$ mm $-$diameter beam side. What is the change in the design factor?

$($c$)$ If a crack of length of $0\mathrm{.}5$ mm is noticed on the body of the $1$ in$-$diameter beam. What is the failure stress values and the safety factor?