26. The calls for a person or small task force to develop a systematic critique of a recommended course of action. a. critical thinking method b. devil's advocate method c. lateral thinking methods d. reversal method 27. Which of the following is not a goal of the devil's advocate? a. point out weaknesses in the assumptions underlying a proposal b. point out internal consistencies in a proposal c. point out problems with a proposal that could lead to failure d. present arguments against the majority position as convincingly as possible a 28. Which of the following is not one of the pressures for change that organizations currently face: the globalization of markets b. the spread of information technology and computer networks c. changes in the nature of the workforce d. all of the above are such pressures 29. To be successful, planned change efforts usually must be: a. organization wide b. perceived as necessary by key organization members c. based upon a contingency perspective d. all of the above are correct 30. The first step in effective organizational change is: a. building employee support for the importance of change b. developing a vision of the desired future state of the organization c. accurately diagnosing the underlying organizational problems d. assessing possible sources of resistance to change