$[30$ marks$]$

a$.$ What is redundancy? What problems are associated with redundancy?$(4)$

b$.$ Without using chartGP and examples from the book provide an example to emphasize

your case, describe the situations when a $3^{rd}NF$ relation is in BCNF and when it is not.$(4)$

c$.$ Describe what attributes represent in an ER model and provide examples of simple, $(6)$

composite, single$-$value, multi$-$value, and derived attributes.

d$.$ Describe the relationship between a superclass and its subclass.$(4)$

e$.$ Describe and illustrate using an example the process of attribute inheritance.$(4)$

f$.$ How does multiplicity represent both the cardinality and the participation constraints on a

relationship type?$(4)$

g$.$ Describe how fan occurs in an ER model and how it can be resolved.$(4)$