$3\mathrm{.}2\mathrm{.}1$ The manager asked the employee why she did not have a medical certificate after she had informed him that she had been booked off sick for three days.

This is a situation where the manager is giving feedback to the employee. The feedback is in the form of why the employee did not have a medical certificate. The manager is asking for an explanation from the employee.

$3\mathrm{.}2\mathrm{.}2$ Staff members respond via email to an invitation to the year$-$end function sent out by the secretary$.$

This is a situation where staff members are responding to an email invitation from the secretary$.$ The feedback is in the form of whether they are going to accept the invitation or not. The staff members are giving their response to the invitation.

$3\mathrm{.}2\mathrm{.}3$ The head of department decides that he is going to rewrite the quarterly report.

This is a situation where the head of department is giving feedback to the staff members. The feedback is in the form of whether they are going to accept the invitation to the year$-$end function. The head of department is deciding to rewrite the quarterly report.

$3\mathrm{.}2\mathrm{.}4$ During the lunch break, staff members are discussing whether they are going to accept the invitation to the year$-$end function.

This is a situation where staff members are discussing the invitation to the year$-$end function. The feedback is in the form of whether they are going to accept the invitation or not. The staff members are discussing the invitation to the year$-$end function during the lunch break.