$3\mathrm{.}3$ Figure $2$ below shows water flowing through a straight horizontal $200mm\frac{O}{?}$ pipe, whose

cross$-$sectional area of flow is gradually reduced to $100mm\frac{O}{?}.$ If the pressure at the

entrance of the reducer is $78\mathrm{.}48k\frac{N}{m^2}$ when the flow rate of water through the pipeline is

$60\frac{l}{s},$ calculate the resultant thrust exerted by the flowing water on the pipe reducer.

Energy losses through the diameter transition may be taken as $1\mathrm{.}32\frac{V_B^2}{2(g)}$

Figure $2$

$($Note: Drawing not to scale$)$