3. Exercise 4.13 Additional Problems Homework covers only part of the topics/problems that we have discussed in this course. You can look at other problems at the end of each chapter. To check if you really understand pipeline (and how three types of hazards are handled), try to answer the following questions: . What hazards have we discussed? What are the methods we can use to reduce the penalty for each type of hazard? What forwarding paths have been added to forward data to EXE/MEM/ID stages? How many in total? For each forwarding path, give an example of instruction sequence that uses the path. What kind of data hazards cannot be avoided by using forwarding paths? How does hardware decide if forwarded values should be used (for each forwarding path)? You should be able to draw the pipeline diagram for a sequence of MIPS instructions under different assumptions (e.g.. when a branch is resolved, whether a forwarding path is available, etc.). Also, understand how control hazards can be handled and the differences between static branch predictors and dynamic branch predictors