@) [3] Liquid-liquid extraction is an important separation technology that has a wide range of applications in modern process industries. The extraction process is based on different solubilities of components in two immiscible, or partially miscible liquids. The components that need to be recovered are extracted from the feed stream with the help of an extractant (often called solvent). The design of an efficient extraction process requires accurate liquid-liquid equilibrium data. The liquid-liquid equilibrium data are represented on triangular diagrams, What are the characteristics of equilateral triangular diagrams? (b) [19Liquid-liquid extraction is an important separation technique utilized in many industrial processes. Examples include treatment of lubricating oil, separation of organic aliphatic acids from aromatic hydrocarbons, extraction of phenols, sulphonic acids, amincs, metal salts and inorganic acids, as well as preparation of pesticides, and many processes of the pharmaceutical industry (c.g. production of penicillin, etc) In one counter current liquid-liquid extraction process, about 6 775 kg/h of pure glycerol was used to extract ethanol from a feed mixture that contained 70 wt% t-butyl acetate. Given that the flowrate of the feed mixture is 2 710 kg/h and that the concentration of ethanol in the raffinate stream is 2.0 w% use Table 1 to determine the number of stages required. Question 5 130 marks (a) [2] In an absorption process (also called gas absorption, gas scrubbing, or gas washing), there is a transfer of one or more species from the gas phase to a liquid phase. What is an absorption equilibrium diagram? (b) [28] Gas-liquid operations are used extensively in chemical and petrochemical industries for transferring mass, heat and momentum between the phases. Among the most important gas-liquid systems employed nowadays is absorption. Gas-liquid absorption operations are usually accomplished in equipment named absorbers. The design approach of an absorber usually involves the determination of geometrical parameters such as tower diameter (D) and packing height (Z), as well as some other mass-transfer and operational variables such as convective mass-transfer coefficients for gas and liquid streams. Assume that you are a newly employed Chemical Engineer and your supervisor wants to test how best you understand the design of a packed-bed absorber through the following question: You have been asked to run an experiment in a five metre packed-bed absorption column in order to remove sulphur dioxide from a gas stream. The volumetric flowrate of the inlet gas is 22.5 mm min and contains 5% (w/v) sulphur dioxide. The experiment requires that ninety five percent of sulphur dioxide trom the gas @) [3] Liquid-liquid extraction is an important separation technology that has a wide range of applications in modern process industries. The extraction process is based on different solubilities of components in two immiscible, or partially miscible liquids. The components that need to be recovered are extracted from the feed stream with the help of an extractant (often called solvent). The design of an efficient extraction process requires accurate liquid-liquid equilibrium data. The liquid-liquid equilibrium data are represented on triangular diagrams, What are the characteristics of equilateral triangular diagrams? (b) [19Liquid-liquid extraction is an important separation technique utilized in many industrial processes. Examples include treatment of lubricating oil, separation of organic aliphatic acids from aromatic hydrocarbons, extraction of phenols, sulphonic acids, amincs, metal salts and inorganic acids, as well as preparation of pesticides, and many processes of the pharmaceutical industry (c.g. production of penicillin, etc) In one counter current liquid-liquid extraction process, about 6 775 kg/h of pure glycerol was used to extract ethanol from a feed mixture that contained 70 wt% t-butyl acetate. Given that the flowrate of the feed mixture is 2 710 kg/h and that the concentration of ethanol in the raffinate stream is 2.0 w% use Table 1 to determine the number of stages required. Question 5 130 marks (a) [2] In an absorption process (also called gas absorption, gas scrubbing, or gas washing), there is a transfer of one or more species from the gas phase to a liquid phase. What is an absorption equilibrium diagram? (b) [28] Gas-liquid operations are used extensively in chemical and petrochemical industries for transferring mass, heat and momentum between the phases. Among the most important gas-liquid systems employed nowadays is absorption. Gas-liquid absorption operations are usually accomplished in equipment named absorbers. The design approach of an absorber usually involves the determination of geometrical parameters such as tower diameter (D) and packing height (Z), as well as some other mass-transfer and operational variables such as convective mass-transfer coefficients for gas and liquid streams. Assume that you are a newly employed Chemical Engineer and your supervisor wants to test how best you understand the design of a packed-bed absorber through the following question: You have been asked to run an experiment in a five metre packed-bed absorption column in order to remove sulphur dioxide from a gas stream. The volumetric flowrate of the inlet gas is 22.5 mm min and contains 5% (w/v) sulphur dioxide. The experiment requires that ninety five percent of sulphur dioxide trom the gas