$3.$ Question $3$:

$*$Layer $1$:$*$ Discuss the geopolitical implications of major oil$-$producing countries forming alliances or engaging in conflicts to control oil reserves and supply routes. How might such actions influence regional stability and global power dynamics?

$*$Layer $2$:$*$ Furthermore, analyze the role of international organizations and diplomatic efforts in mediating disputes over oil resources and promoting cooperation among oil$-$producing nations to ensure global energy security.