$3.$ RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

$3\mathrm{.}1$ Introduction to the Methodology

This section explains the research approach, whether qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods, and why this approach is suitable for the research. It should also outline the research design and logic.

Explanation

Introducing the methodology clarifies the approach that will be used to answer the research question, ensuring the research design is appropriate for addressing the identified gaps.

$3\mathrm{.}2$ Study Design

Study design: this explains how the research will be carried out by specifying the kind of study designed, which outlines whether it is an experimental, observational, cross$-$sectional study, etc. This section explains the rationale for the choice of a specific study design.

Explanation

A properly designed study ensures systematic planning of the investigation. This means that it is reproducible, as it outlines how the research will be conducted.

$3\mathrm{.}3$ Study Setting

What refers to the location, context, or environment that the research takes place at is known as the study setting. This could either be a setting that is physical and tangible$,$ like a laboratory or field site, or an online milieu.

Explanation

Description of the study setting gives readers the context in which data collection took place and explains under what conditions the research was carried out, conditions which could impact the results.

$3\mathrm{.}4$ Study Sample

This section describes the target population, including sample size, criteria, and techniques for the selection and sampling of subjects. It should state the reasons as to why this sample will be appropriate for the study.

Explanation

A sample population goes a long way in generalizing or applying the results of the study to the population. A well$-$defined sample leads to the achievement of reliable results.

$3\mathrm{.}5$ Data Collection Tool

It simply refers to the tools that will be used in collecting data. Tools could be in the form of surveys, interviews, observation, or experimental tests. The discourse should include a debate on the validity and reliability of the tools.

Explanation

Choosing the appropriate tool of data collection will help to ensure the collection of accurate and relevant data and hence contribute to the validity of the results.

$3\mathrm{.}6$ Data Collection Process

This section gives the step$-$by$-$step procedure of how data will be collected, including when, where, and by whom. It states procedures taken to minimize bias or errors.

Explanation

An organized data collection procedure aids in ensuring that data is collected in a systematic way and consistently, which goes a long way in ensuring the integrity of the research.

$3\mathrm{.}7$ Data Management

Data management The storing, organizing and maintaining data that is collected. Details of any procedures to protect the confidentiality and integrity of the data should also be included.

Explanation

Explain that proper data management allows for accessibility, security and reliability of data from the whole research process. It is crucial in ethical terms and for the purpose of actual analysis.

$3\mathrm{.}8$ Data Analysis

In this section, describe the methods and techniques that will be used for the analysis of the data collected. Mention the statistical tests that will be applied for quantitative data or the thematic analysis for qualitative data. Justification for using a chosen analysis method has to be given.

Explanation

The analyses of the data should be appropriate to ensure valid conclusions from the research. The method of analysis is driven by research questions and type of data.

$3\mathrm{.}9$ Ethical Considerations

Moral principles that will guide the research process include informed consent, participant anonymity, and minimizing harm.

Explanation

Ethics are at the heart of responsible research. Discussion of ethical issues surely retains respect towards participants and their rights and for the integrity of research.

$3\mathrm{.}10$ Summary

Summary of the methodology: This summarizes the whole point on the design and approach for the research, letting the reader know how the research will be done and how it deals with the research question.

Explanation

Summarizing the methodology strengthens the study plan by ensuring that research is well$-$structured and can be expeditiously comprehensible prior to leaving for the result as well as the discussion sections.