33. Which general effect did the Bakke decision have on affirmative action policy?

a) All affirmative action was declared a violation of the 14th Amendment.

b) Schools were required to set a strict quota each year for each minority.

c) Affirmative action was encouraged except for the use of strict quotas.

d) Affirmative action was granted to all racial groups, not just minorities.

34. Which of the following hiring practices legally constitutes a "strict quota"?

a) pledging to make every effort to increase minority hiring

b) making diversity an important priority in hiring decisions

c) giving positive consideration to candidates based on race

d) guaranteeing a specific number of positions to minorities

35. Which Richmond ordinance was meant to help minority companies (MBEs)?

a) MBEs were entitled to 30% of the municipal contracts issued by Richmond.

b) MBEs were entitled to 30% of each municipal contract issued by Richmond.

c) Bids by qualified MBEs were given a preference on every single contract.

d) White companies received contracts only if there were no bids by MBEs.

36. Which objection did Croson raise to Richmond's affirmative action ordinance?

a) Croson was denied an opportunity to bid on a city contract to install urinals.

b) Croson had religious objections to associating with the minority companies.

c) Satisfying their ordinance meant that he could not profit from his contract.

d) Richmond would not accept bids from white contactors unless no MBE bid.