3a. How do you know that the subjects in this study could not have been randomized to the treatments that were compared? This was one of the more widely-reported studies that supported music training as positively impacting general academic performance. The treatments were at two separate schools at two separate points in time. O The article excerpt says that the students at the 95th Street School self-selected which treatment they wanted to be in. The article excerpt implies that random assignment was against fair-treatment policies in the Orange County system and, therefore, could not be utilized. O The treatments were paired, so every student ended up getting both treatments and, hence, no randomization was needed