$4-31.$ The column is constructed from high$-$

strength concrete and eight A$992$ steel

reinforcing rods. If the column is subjected to

an axial force of $200$ kip $,$ determine the

average normal stress in the concrete and in

each rod. Each rod has a diameter of $1$ in$.$

$*4-32.$ The column is constructed from high$-$

strength concrete and eight A$992$ steel

reinforcing rods. If the column is subjected to

an axial force of $200$ kip $,$ determine the

required diameter of each rod so that $60\%$ of

the axial force is carried by the concrete.