$488$ :$***"$What are the fundamental principles of civil engineering in ensuring structural stability and safety? How do materials such as concrete and steel contribute to the construction process? Explain the importance of factors like load$-$bearing capacity and stress distribution in designing buildings and infrastructure. How does soil composition affect foundation design? Discuss basic concepts of fluid mechanics and their relevance in hydraulic engineering. Highlight key considerations in urban planning for sustainable development and efficient infrastructure management."

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