$4.$ Context Managers and the with Statement:

Explain the purpose and functionality of context managers in Python.

Create custom context managers using the $\_\_$enter$\_\_$ and $\_\_$exit$\_\_$ methods.

Apply context managers for resource management $($e$.$g$.,$ file I$/$O$,$ database connections$),$ exception handling, and simplifying code structure.

Discuss the role of context managers in handling file locks and thread synchronization.

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