$4$

is an approach for improving supply chain efficiency in which the vendor is responsible for maintaining the retailer's inventory levels in each of its stores.

Select one:

a$.$ Efficient consumer response $($ECR$)$

b$.$ Reverse logistics

c$.$ Quick Response $($QR$)$ system

d$.$ Vendor$-$managed inventory $($VMI$)$

e$.$ Collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment $($CPRF$)$