$588$ : $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_*/$ civil engineers ensure the structural integrity of bridges and dams? Discuss the importance of geotechnical investigations in foundation design for buildings. What are the key factors considered in the design of efficient and sustainable transportation networks? Explain the principles of earthquake$-$resistant design in civil engineering. How does environmental engineering contribute to the management of solid waste in urban areas? Discuss the role of civil engineering in the development of smart cities and sustainable infrastructure."