5.22 High School and beyond, Part II: We considered the differences between the reading and writing scores of a random sample of 200 students who took the High School and Beyond Survey in Exercise 5.21. The mean and standard deviation of the differences are x_read-write = -0.545 and 8.887 points respectively. (a) Calculate a 95% confidence interval for the average difference between the reading and writing scores of all students. lower bound: _______points (please round to two decimal places) upper bound: _______ points (please round to two decimal places) (b) Interpret this interval in context.

• We can be 95% confident that the average difference between reading and writing scores of all students is contained within our confidence interval
• 95% of students will have a difference between reading and writing scores that falls within our confidence interval
• We can be 95% confident that our confidence interval contains the mean difference between reading and writing scores of these 200 students
• (c) Does the confidence interval provide convincing evidence that there is a real difference in the average scores? Explain.
• yes, since 0 is contained in our confidence interval
• no, because or confidence interval contains both positive and negative values
• no, since 0 is contained in our confidence interval
• yes, because negative scores are impossible and our confidence interval contains them