$67495$ : $73062$ What fundamental theories serve as the cornerstone for civil engineering principles and practices? Explore the theoretical frameworks underpinning structural analysis, soil mechanics, fluid dynamics, and materials science. Discuss the applications of classical mechanics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism in civil engineering contexts. Investigate the role of mathematical modeling and computational methods in predicting and optimizing structural behavior, hydraulic systems, and transportation networks. Consider how theories like elasticity, plasticity, and viscoelasticity inform the design and analysis of infrastructure components. Furthermore, examine the integration of environmental and sustainability principles into theoretical frameworks for resilient and eco$-$friendly civil engineering solutions.