$67-875-98$How do foundational theories in civil engineering, such as structural analysis, material science, and fluid mechanics, underpin the design, construction, and maintenance of infrastructure? Discuss the role of theoretical frameworks in optimizing structural integrity, durability, and sustainability in civil engineering projects. Explore how theoretical principles inform decision$-$making processes regarding material selection, structural design, and environmental impact assessment. Additionally, examine the interplay between theoretical knowledge and practical applications, highlighting case studies or examples where theoretical advancements have led to innovative engineering solutions or improved safety standards.