6. Consider, as an example, buying a network of PCs for a department at your workplace, or alternatively, consider outfitting a laboratory of PCs for students at a university. For your example, estimate the one-time and recurring costs outlined in Table 5.4.

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Table 5.4 Possible Information Systems Costs Types of Costs Examples Procurement . Consulting fees Equipment purchase or lease Equipment installation costs Site preparation and modifications . Cost of capital Management and staff time Project-related Application software Software modifications to fit local systems Personnel, overhead, etc., for cloud development Training users in application use Collecting and analyzing data Preparing documentation Managing development Start-up Operating system software Networking equipment installation Start-up personnel Personnel searches and hiring activities Disruption to the rest of the organization API purchases Operating System maintenance (hardware, software, and facilities) Rental of space and equipment Cloud rental Management, operation, and planning personnel