6. Joe does something on the job. As a consequence of his behavior, something he really doesn't like is removed. This is an example of __________________?

a. negative reinforcement

b. positive reinforcement

c. punishment

d. response cost

7. Why use shaping?

a. always us to learn by getting progressively closer to the desired behavior, not all at once

b. permits us to not have to work too hard to learn

c. we get more rewards this way

d. avoids punishment

3. What schedule of reinforcement is used by gambling casinos? (It explains why gambling is so powerful.)

a. partial reinforcement

b. continuous reinforcement

c. Extinction

d. Self-efficacy

4. Goal setting is one of the most powerful of all the methods of motivation. Assume we have goals that are specific, challenging, and come with feedback, Unfortunately,

we don't have goal acceptance (the people we're trying to motivate could not care less about achieving the goal). What can we expect regarding change in their behavior? (Yes, this was my Masters' thesis)

a. not much, if any change

b. significant change

c. change, but not in a way that is predicted

d. can't really say, could change or not

5. "It's just not fair. I should be paid the same as Bob. I've been on the job longer than he has and my performance clearly is better than his. I have to tell you that I'm going to start to look for work elsewhere." What motivation theory is involved in this comment?

a. equity

b. expectancy

c. need

d. goal