$7.(10$ pts$.)$ Given the following code:

$```$

int n $=4$;

int m $=7$;

public void f$($int x$,$ int y$)\{$

int n $=9$;

x $=$ n;

$\}$

m $=$ y $-1$;

public static void main$($String$[]$ args$)\{$

f$($m$,$ n$)$;

System.out.println$($n$)$;

System.out.println$($m$)$;

$\}$

$```$

what would the output be if the parameters were passed using

a$.$ call by value?

b$.$ call by reference?

c$.$ call by value$-$result?

d$.$ call by macro expansion?