$7\mathrm{.}1.$ Develop a frame for the population of each of the following research projects.

a$.$ Measuring the job satisfaction of all union employees in a company

b$.$ Conducting a telephone survey in Utica, New York, to determine the level of interest in opening a new hunting and fishing specialty store in the mall

c$.$ Interviewing passengers of a major airline about its food service

d$.$ Studying the quality$-$control programs of boat manufacturers

e$.$ Attempting to measure the corporate culture of cable television companies

Ch $7$ Sampling$-$Homework

Sampling Error

Sampling error occurs when the sample is not representative of the population. When random sampling techniques are used to select elements for the sample, sampling error occurs by chance. Many times the statistic computed on the sample is not an accurate estimate of the population parameter because the sample was not representative of the population. This result is caused by sampling error. With random samples, sampling error can be computed and analyzed.

Nonsampling Errors

All errors other than sampling errors are nonsampling errors. The many possible nonsampling errors include missing data, recording errors, input processing errors, and analysis errors. Other nonsampling errors result from the measurement instrument, such as errors of unclear definitions, defective questionnaires, and poorly conceived concepts. Improper definition of the frame is a nonsampling error. In many cases, finding a frame that perfectly fits the population is impossible. Insofar as it does not fit, a nonsampling error has been committed.

Response errors are also nonsampling errors. They occur when people do not know, will not say, or overstate. Virtually no statistical method is available to measure or control for nonsampling errors. The statistical techniques presented in this text are based on the assumption that none of these nonsampling errors were committed. The researcher must eliminate these errors through carefully planning and executing the research study.

TABLE $7,1$

A Brief Table of Random Numbers

$915674259527958,30134,04024863852988099730$

$46503185841884549618023045103820655,58727$

$3491463974887208276534476,170328758940836$

$57491,16703,23167,49323,45021,33132,12544,41035$

$304058394623792144221505945799,22716,19792$

$0998374353686683042970735254991663135006$

TABLE $7\mathrm{.}2$

A Population Frame of $30$ Companies

Alaska Airlines DuPont Lubrizol

Alcoa ExxonMobil Mattel

Ashland General Dynamics Merck

Bank of America General Electric Microsoft

Boein

G

C$.$

D